Javascript

Tutorials

Javascript tutorial

Destructuring objects

Arrow Functions

Basics

variables

let variable = value

let user = 'John', age = 25, message = 'Hello';

constants

const constant = value

const myBirthday = '18.04.1982';

There is a widespread practice to use constants as aliases for difficult-to-remember values that are known prior to execution. .. const COLOR_RED = “#F00”; const COLOR_GREEN = “#0F0”;

Datatypes

Number

let n = 123;
n = 12.345;

NaN represents a computational error

BigInt

Added to represent integers of arbitrary length.

// the "n" at the end means it's a BigInt
const bigInt = 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890n;

String

let str = "Hello";
let str2 = 'Single quotes are ok too';
let phrase = `can embed another ${str}`;

there is no Character type in js

Boolean

let nameFieldChecked = true; // yes, name field is checked
let ageFieldChecked = false; // no, age field is not checked

Conversions

Values that are intuitively “empty”, like 0, an empty string, null, undefined, and NaN, become false, other values become true.

alert( Boolean(1) ); // true
alert( Boolean(0) ); // false
alert( Boolean("hello") ); // true
alert( Boolean("") ); // false

null/undefined

null is not a “reference to a non-existing object” or a “null pointer” undefined is “value is not assigned”.

typeof

typeof operator returns the type of the argument

It supports two forms of syntax, as operator: typeof x and as a function: typeof(x).

typeof undefined // "undefined"
typeof 0 // "number"
typeof 10n // "bigint"
typeof true // "boolean"
typeof "foo" // "string"
typeof Symbol("id") // "symbol"
typeof Math // "object"  (1)
typeof null // "object"  (2)
typeof alert // "function"  (3)

Comparison

expression	value
'2' > 1	true
'01' == 1	true
true == 1	true
false == 0	true
0 == false	true
'' == false	true
null == undefined	true
null == 0	false
undefined == 0	false

strict equality operator === checks the equality without type conversion.** if a and b are of different types, then a === b immediately returns false without an attempt to convert them.

expression	value
0 === false	false
null === undefined	false

Functions

with default values

function showMessage(from, text = "no text given") {
  alert( from + ": " + text );
}
showMessage("Ann"); // Ann: no text given

A function with an empty return or without it returns undefined

Function Expression

let sayHi = function() {
  alert( "Hello" );
};

Arrow functions

const add = (a, b) => a + b;

Without curly braces: (...args) => expression – the right side is an expression: the function evaluates it and returns the result. With curly braces: (...args) => { body } – brackets allow us to write multiple statements inside the function, but we need an explicit return to return something.

arrow functions do not have this. If this is accessed, it is taken from the outside. Arrow functions also have no arguments variable.

To indicate that instead you want a single expression that happens to be an object, you wrap the object with parentheses:

(name, description) => ({name: name, description: description});

There’s a subtle difference between an arrow function => and a regular function called with .bind(this):

• .bind(this) creates a “bound version” of the function.
• The arrow => doesn’t create any binding. The function simply doesn’t have this. The lookup of this is made exactly the same way as a regular variable search: in the outer lexical environment.

Objects

let user = new Object(); // "object constructor" syntax
let user = {};  // "object literal" syntax

let user = {
  name: "John",
  age: 30,
  "likes birds": true  // multiword property name must be quoted
};

user.name = 'New name'

user["likes birds"] = true;